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ITV 405 line VHF TV TRANSMITTERS
SOUTH OF ENGLAND

  CHILLERTON DOWN DOVER Newhaven
Channel / Polarisation 11 V 10 V 6 V
Max. Vision ERP 100 kW 100 kW 1 kW
Site ASL 546 ft 442 ft 270 ft
Aerial ASL 1246 ft 1165 ft 385 ft
Location (NGR) SZ 475835 TR 274397 TQ 435006

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Chillerton Down was the first of the two stations built to serve the south and south-east coastal areas of Britain. It was designed to cover central southern England, the important agricultural and holiday area along the coast from Weymouth in the west to Brighton in the east, together with the great ports of Southampton and Portsmouth and, inland, the county of Hampshire and adjoining parts of Dorset and Wiltshire. In conformity with the Government's policy the Authority decided if possible to build its Band III station close to Rowridge, the existing BBC Band I station on the Isle of Wight. The site selected was on Chillerton Down, 550 ft above sea level on the south side of the island. Opposition to a second television mast on the island was raised on grounds of amenity. However, the alternative of building a more massive and commanding mast at Rowridge to carry both the ITA and BBC television services and the BBC's VHF sound services proved even less welcome, and the Authority's proposal to use Chillerton Down for a slim 750 ft mast was accepted.

The transmitting aerial had a semicircular power radiation pattern, oriented to direct 100 kW along the coast as well as landwards, but radiating very low power across the English Channel to prevent interference with the services of Radiodiffusion-Television-Francaise. Chillerton Down went into service on 30th August 1958.

The sister station at Dover presented unusual problems. The general requirement was to serve the south-east corner of England not covered by Chillerton Down or Croydon. The site of the station was determined by the need to serve Folkestone and Dover, which lie at sea level under high cliffs. The solution was to build the station on the high cliff road linking the two towns. Church Hougham, 450 ft above sea level, was used and from a 750 ft mast a signal could be directed into both towns. At the same time the station had to link up with the service area of Chillerton Down beyond Eastbourne, 50 miles west along the coast. 100 kW was sufficient to provide an adequate service for Eastbourne and the intermediate coastal towns, and there were no inhibiting power restrictions. Northward, to serve the towns on the Thames estuary not covered by Croydon, 10 kW to 20 kW e.r.p. was adequate. However, viewers in France had to be protected from interference to their reception of the signal from the Rouen station. Calculations showed that Dover must restrict its power to less than 1 kW over an arc of 90° towards the French coast. It was no mean task to construct a transmitting aerial to do this, and at the same time to radiate 100 kW westward. Test transmissions were made for many weeks, during which the Authority's engineers developed a measuring technique using a helicopter to check the true radiation pattern of the transmitting aerial. Dover went into service on full power on 31st January 1960.

A small relay station gave improved reception in the Newhaven area. This was the very last 405-line transmitter to be installed in the UK, entering service on 3rd August 1970. It had been planned to open at about the same time as the co-sited BBC 405-line transmitter during the autumn of 1969. However, the opening was delayed due to the diversion of equipment to bring into service the ITA transmitter at Sheffield (also transmitted on channel 6), following the collapse of the Emley Moor mast in March 1969.

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