Chillerton
Down was the first of the two stations built to serve the south and south-east
coastal areas of Britain. It was designed to cover central southern England, the important
agricultural and holiday area along the coast from Weymouth in the west to Brighton in the
east, together with the great ports of Southampton and Portsmouth and, inland, the county
of Hampshire and adjoining parts of Dorset and Wiltshire. In conformity with the
Government's policy the Authority decided if possible to build its Band III station close
to Rowridge, the existing BBC Band I station on the Isle of Wight. The site selected was
on Chillerton Down, 550 ft above sea level on the south side of the island. Opposition to
a second television mast on the island was raised on grounds of amenity. However, the
alternative of building a more massive and commanding mast at Rowridge to carry both the
ITA and BBC television services and the BBC's VHF sound services proved even less welcome,
and the Authority's proposal to use Chillerton Down for a slim 750 ft mast was accepted.
The transmitting aerial had a semicircular power radiation pattern, oriented
to direct 100 kW along the coast as well as landwards, but radiating very
low power across the English Channel to prevent interference with the
services of Radiodiffusion-Television-Francaise. Chillerton Down went
into service on 30th August 1958.
The sister station at Dover presented unusual problems. The general requirement was to serve the south-east corner of
England not covered by Chillerton Down or Croydon. The site of the station was determined
by the need to serve Folkestone and Dover, which lie at sea level under high cliffs. The
solution was to build the station on the high cliff road linking the two towns. Church
Hougham, 450 ft above sea level, was used and from a 750 ft mast a signal could be
directed into both towns. At the same time the station had to link up with the service
area of Chillerton Down beyond Eastbourne, 50 miles west along the coast. 100 kW was
sufficient to provide an adequate service for Eastbourne and the intermediate coastal
towns, and there were no inhibiting power restrictions. Northward, to serve the towns on
the Thames estuary not covered by Croydon, 10 kW to 20 kW e.r.p. was adequate. However,
viewers in France had to be protected from interference to their reception of the signal
from the Rouen station. Calculations showed that Dover must restrict its power to less
than 1 kW over an arc of 90° towards the French coast. It was no mean task to construct a
transmitting aerial to do this, and at the same time to radiate 100 kW westward. Test
transmissions were made for many weeks, during which the Authority's engineers developed a
measuring technique using a helicopter to check the true radiation pattern of the
transmitting aerial. Dover went into service on full power on 31st January 1960.
A small relay station gave improved reception in the Newhaven area. This was the very last 405-line
transmitter to be installed in the UK, entering service on 3rd August 1970. It had been planned to open
at about the same time as the co-sited BBC 405-line transmitter during the autumn of 1969. However, the
opening was delayed due to the diversion of equipment to bring into service the ITA transmitter at Sheffield
(also transmitted on channel 6), following the collapse of the Emley Moor mast in March 1969. |